“The UK has the potential to be a leader in terms of cancer vaccine research, after the Government signed a partnership with BioNTech to support trials for the treatment.
A number of other companies are said to be in talks to set up cancer vaccine trials in the UK, including Moderna and Merck.
So how do cancer vaccines work? The basic technology is the same pioneering mRNA approach used during the pandemic to give us the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 jabs.
First, a sample of a patient’s tumour is analysed to identify any genetic mutations in proteins that are responsible for its growth.
Then a tailor-made molecule of the mRNA that instructs cells to make that tumour protein, known as a neoantigen, is produced.
This is injected into the patient, prompting new cells to make these tumour proteins, which then train new immune cells that mount a response. The theory is that the immune system is then primed to recognise and destroy the cancer.”
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